tl;dr

Veritasium dives into Paul Dirac’s quest to tame “negative energy,” showing why the Schrödinger equation fell short, how Dirac’s eponymous equation predicted the positron—and an entire “anti-universe”—and why antiparticles behave like particles traveling backward in time. Along the way we meet quantum pioneers, confront the “saddest chapter” in physics, and trace the path from Klein-Gordon to Heisenberg’s uncertainty to Dirac’s breakthrough.

With expert insights from Graham Farmelo and Cumrun Vafa and rare archives from FSU and Caltech, the video unpacks the mind-bending reality of antimatter, its discovery, and its game-changing implications for how we understand time, energy, and the very fabric of the universe.

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