Veritasium’s latest video dives into how Paul Dirac turned the famous equation on its head—literally letting E = –mc²—and stumbled on the idea of negative-energy solutions that point to a hidden “anti-world.” Along the way we sketch why the Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations fell short, how Heisenberg’s uncertainty played its part, and why Dirac’s namesake equation was both his masterpiece and his heartbreak.
In the end, Dirac’s math didn’t just predict antimatter—it showed that antiparticles (like the positron) behave as if they’re traveling backward in time. Packed with insights from experts Graham Farmelo and Cumrun Vafa and fresh digs in the FSU and Caltech archives, this story reshapes modern physics with a twist you might never have seen coming.
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