The Most Controversial Idea in Biology

In this episode of Veritasium, Derek Muller dives into evolution’s big questions—from why poop smells awful and how life got started to the nuts and bolts of gene mutation, natural selection, kin selection and the ever-controversial “selfish gene.” Along the way he runs simulations, unpacks what traits really get passed down, and shows how evolution can feel like one giant experiment.

Backed by insights from top researchers (think Szostak, Sutherland and Dawkins), this whirlwind tour makes complex concepts feel surprisingly accessible—and even a bit playful. Whether you’re new to biology or you’ve read all the classics, you’ll walk away with fresh perspectives on how life evolves (and why it sometimes seems like a cosmic simulation).

Watch on YouTube