TL;DR: This video traces how a 19th-century Russian feud and Stan Ulam’s solitaire tinkering gave birth to Markov chains and the Monte Carlo method—tools that powered nuclear fission research and now underpin everything from early search engines to Google’s PageRank.
It then shows how these “memoryless” math tricks drive everyday tech: predictive text, perfectly random card shuffles, and more—even teaching us why big-data laws like the Law of Large Numbers make almost anything predictable.
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