Jet engines burn fuel at temperatures well above what their metal parts could normally withstand, so engineers lean on cutting-edge metallurgy and clever cooling tricks. They use nickel-based superalloys reinforced by γ′ precipitates, directional-solidified or single-crystal turbine blades (no grain boundaries to weaken), and ceramic thermal barrier coatings.
Precision casting at places like Rolls-Royce builds microscopic cooling channels right into each blade, sending cooler air through to form a thin insulating film. Meanwhile, edge dislocations in the superalloy lock up at high heat, keeping the crystal structure strong. The end result: blades that stay solid even when flame temperatures soar, and engines that keep spinning (even when you throw sand in!).
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